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Judgment of hardness and toughness of plastic products
Release date: 2019-04-16 14:55:41 Visits: 366
Many friends in the plastics industry can often see colleagues around them how to test the quality of plastic products. Some people say that it is a good product to step on the crack, and some say that it is not broken. Ok, some say that the light pressure or impact resistance is one-sided. In fact, everyone has their own understanding, but the toughness and rigidity of plastic is a relative concept.
There are also two physical quantities of stiffness and flexibility in mechanics. “Stiffness” mainly refers to the amount of force required when an object undergoes unit deformation; “flexibility” mainly refers to the deformation of an object under unit force. It can be seen that the object with larger "stiffness" is less prone to deformation (expressed in elongation); the larger the "flexibility", the more easily the object is deformed (expressed in elongation).
A more ideal idea is that the stiffness of an object approaches non-poor (or the deformation of an object is small enough to be negligible), and we call the object a rigid body. In the mechanical analysis, its own deformation can be ignored. Therefore, rigidity is an attribute that reflects the difficulty of deformation of an object.
The tough material is relatively soft, and the tensile elongation at break and the impact strength of the physical property table are large; the hardness, tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus are relatively small. Rigid materials have higher hardness and tensile strength; elongation at break and impact strength may be lower; tensile modulus is larger. Bending strength The rigidity of the reactive material. When the bending strength is large, the rigidity of the material is large, and vice versa. In the ASTM D790 Bending Performance Standard Test - Method, these test methods are suitable for both rigid and semi-rigid materials. It is not said that it is suitable for ductile materials, so elastomers with high toughness will not test the bending strength.
As an engineering plastic, we hope it has both good toughness and rigidity. When changing the toughness of materials, you should also try to raise high rigidity. Generally, the addition of an elastomer increases the toughness, and the addition of an inorganic filler increases the rigidity. An effective method is to combine the toughening of the elastomer with the increase and strongness of the filler. Poor impact resistance is a performance defect in some important plastics in the industry. Such as PVC, PS, PP, etc., because of its low impact resistance at low temperatures, its application is limited.
Among thermoplastics, their impact resistance can be greatly improved by adding "impact modifiers". Moreover, there are many varieties of impact modifiers, such as ACR-acrylate resin, CPE-chlorinated polyethylene, ABS, EVA, EPT-ethylene propylene diene rubber and the like.
Although the impact modifier can raise the impact strength of the high-product, it has a bad influence on other mechanical strengths. If M-BS is added to PVC, it will reduce the tensile strength and bending strength. The addition of ACR will also reduce the tensile strength, hardness and Vicat heat resistance of HPVC-high molecular weight PVC. The addition of CPE also reduces the tensile strength, flexural strength, and Vicat softening point of the blend. Therefore, when using the impact modifier, it is necessary to take into account other properties, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider and evaluate the amount to be determined.
There are also two physical quantities of stiffness and flexibility in mechanics. “Stiffness” mainly refers to the amount of force required when an object undergoes unit deformation; “flexibility” mainly refers to the deformation of an object under unit force. It can be seen that the object with larger "stiffness" is less prone to deformation (expressed in elongation); the larger the "flexibility", the more easily the object is deformed (expressed in elongation).
A more ideal idea is that the stiffness of an object approaches non-poor (or the deformation of an object is small enough to be negligible), and we call the object a rigid body. In the mechanical analysis, its own deformation can be ignored. Therefore, rigidity is an attribute that reflects the difficulty of deformation of an object.
The tough material is relatively soft, and the tensile elongation at break and the impact strength of the physical property table are large; the hardness, tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus are relatively small. Rigid materials have higher hardness and tensile strength; elongation at break and impact strength may be lower; tensile modulus is larger. Bending strength The rigidity of the reactive material. When the bending strength is large, the rigidity of the material is large, and vice versa. In the ASTM D790 Bending Performance Standard Test - Method, these test methods are suitable for both rigid and semi-rigid materials. It is not said that it is suitable for ductile materials, so elastomers with high toughness will not test the bending strength.
As an engineering plastic, we hope it has both good toughness and rigidity. When changing the toughness of materials, you should also try to raise high rigidity. Generally, the addition of an elastomer increases the toughness, and the addition of an inorganic filler increases the rigidity. An effective method is to combine the toughening of the elastomer with the increase and strongness of the filler. Poor impact resistance is a performance defect in some important plastics in the industry. Such as PVC, PS, PP, etc., because of its low impact resistance at low temperatures, its application is limited.
Among thermoplastics, their impact resistance can be greatly improved by adding "impact modifiers". Moreover, there are many varieties of impact modifiers, such as ACR-acrylate resin, CPE-chlorinated polyethylene, ABS, EVA, EPT-ethylene propylene diene rubber and the like.
Although the impact modifier can raise the impact strength of the high-product, it has a bad influence on other mechanical strengths. If M-BS is added to PVC, it will reduce the tensile strength and bending strength. The addition of ACR will also reduce the tensile strength, hardness and Vicat heat resistance of HPVC-high molecular weight PVC. The addition of CPE also reduces the tensile strength, flexural strength, and Vicat softening point of the blend. Therefore, when using the impact modifier, it is necessary to take into account other properties, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider and evaluate the amount to be determined.